In this study 43 calves (19 female and 24 male) from pure sistani cattle population were used in order to study the relationship between the calves' temperament at weaning time with performance, body type and some blood parameters. At weaning time, temperament was determined by using Pen Scores, Exit score and Chute Score methods. Calves were divided into three groups: calm, moderate and temperamental. The measured parameters included body temperature, heart rate, hand length, waist length, tail size, round the chest, the diameter of the hand and leg, forehead and the ear size as well as the concentration of glucose, total protein, creatinine, triglyceride, insulin, HDL, LDL, T3 and T4 in the serum. Statistical analysis of the results with R-3. 3. 2 software showed better growth rate and conversion coefficient in calm calves compared with other moderate and temperamental groups (P<0. 05). The heart rate in calm group was lower than in other two groups (P <0. 05) while the body temperature in calm group was lower than in temperamental group (P <0. 05). Moreover, the size of forehead, ear, waist, hand, hand and leg diameters in calm group was more than in temperamental group (P<0. 05) and the concentration of serum insulin in the calm group was higher than that in temperamental group (P<0. 05). Triglyceride, HDL, LDL, and glucose were lower in the calm group compared to temperamental group (P<0. 05). These results revealed that attention to behavior in breeding programs and selection, may be of considerable help in increasing livestock productivity in the long time.

IntroductionRivers are very sensitive to changes in discharge and sediment load as well as tectonic forces. Many of the changes that occur over time in the morphology of the channel can be related to the mentioned changes. Morphometric analysis is the first step understanding the basin dynamic activity. Combined variables and indicators can be effective in identifying the complications and surface landform of river channels and show their temporal and spatial changes. In addition, in addition, geomorphological indices (Morphotectonic indices) are considered to be very useful methods in evaluating and recognizing tectonic activities and can provide quantitative results and quantitative description of morphometric features in The basin scale can be used to explain the structural controls, geological history and geomorphology and processes of its drainage network. In addition, the morphometric parameters of the basin play an important role in the hydrological processes governing the basin because it largely determines their hydrological response. Materials and MethodsZanjanrud is the main river basin completely limited to the area of ​​Zanjan province. The river originates from the heights of Soltanieh in the east and flows to the northwest and finally in the west of Rajein village it joins Qizil-Uzen. Regard to the objectives of the research, first, using the DEM of the basin (ASTER-DEM: 30m), the extractable sub-basins was identified in the WMS software environment. In this step the number of 107 sub-basins could be separated, of which 52 sub-basins were selected based on the minimum area of approx. 20 Km2 for the evaluation and analysis of Shape indices and tectonic. These sub-basins were named according to the outstanding settlement inside them. After determining the Shape indices and estimating and comparing the state of neotectonic of the sub-basins, a field survey was conducted to closely examine and validate the findings.Results and DiscussionAt the first, the Shape of the studied sub-basins was quantified using different indices. Then, the morphology of the sub-basins was evaluated using different Shape indices and then the different indices were checked in terms of correlation in terms of the results related to tectonic activity. Finally, the neotectonic of the sub-basins has been estimated using the results of the Shape indices and the data related to the faults. The results show that the Kazbar sub-basin is most elongated sub-basin, which together with 7 sub-basins with very high elongation rate are located in the western half of the Zanjanrud basin.The frequency of sub-basins with the Shape index 2 to 3 is in the SE half of the basin. Out of the 8 sub-basins with Shape index less than 2 in the eastern half of Zanjanrud basin, 1 sub-basin is located in the northern part and 7 sub-basins are located in the southern part of the basin, which can be seen in the SE half. The upstream sub-basin is not included in the classification due to the unusual Shape that cannot be compared with other sub-basins.ConclusionThe results of classification of the indices shows that the accumulation of sub-basins with high rate of elongation and as a result with high neotectonic activity is in the NW part of Zanjanrud basin and especially in the northern side of this part.Out of the 51 sub-basins, the concentration of 8 sub-basins with mean index of higher than 5 and a total of 16 sub-basins with an average Shape index higher than 3.5, indicates the highest level of neotectonic mobility in this part of the basin. This finding is consistent with the region's latest map of active faults, in which the frequency of faults (including the Sohrein fault, the Qaracherian fault and the Kenavand fault) is in the NW part of the basin.According to the study results of the Shape of the sub-basins, the SW side of the Zanjanrud basin has an average level of neotectonic activity. This finding, along with the results related to the NW part, can strengthen the hypothesis that the western half of the basin is more active than its eastern half. The neotectonic mobility in SE side of the basin is moderate and is higher than NE part of the basin. As previous studies have shown, many faults are involved in the morphology of the region.

In this research work a Shape from shading (SFS) technique which incorporates a Lambertian model is implemented for the automatic generation of a digital terrain model (DTM) using a single view aerial image. The developed algorithm is tested on both simulated and real data. The estimated accuracy of the generated DTM from the simulated data, which has a bilinear surface, is about ±3 cm. The real data is a scanned aerial photograph taken over a low texture hilly terrain. The generated DTM by the SFS technique is compared with a DTM acquired by the manual measurement of the stereo image of the same area using a photogram metric plotter. The estimated rimes of the discrepancies between the grid nodes of the measured and the automatically generated DTM is about ±4 meters. The unsuccessful reconstruction of the terrain surface for the real data is due to the fact that a simple Lambertian model does not take into account, in a perfect way, different nondeterministic influential factors such as the terrain alb Edo variations and the random noise. The influence of the latter case was reduced by a low pass filter applied as a preprocessing stage.

Analysis of the Properties of the earth's surface, which can be influenced by climatic, hydrological, intrinsic properties of formations and neotectonic activities, plays an important role in recognizing the physical Properties of the Watershed. On the other hand, understanding the physical Properties of the Watershed is one of the first steps required in morphological and hydrological studies. This research tries to study the Shape of the earth's surface in Fahliyan watershed using morphometric indices. For this purpose, 6 geomorphometric indices, total curvature, profile curvature, surface curvature, TRI index, TPI index and TWI index were selected and using the relationships for each index and using relevant extensions in ArcGis 10/3 software, each map These indicators were prepared. The results of calculating the total curvature show that more than half of the surface of the basin (52. 80) has a concave curvature and 47. 20 percent of it has convex curvature. Also, the lower and upper limits for curvature of the surface were-2. 99 and 3. 96 respectively and for the curvature of the profile were-4. 87 and 4. 2 respectively. Accordingly, the lower and upper limit of the TPI index, which divides the mode of nodule and bulge, was calculated as <-4. 2 and >, respectively. The values of the TRI index, which are somewhat different from the height of one pixel with their adjacent eight pixels, were calculated from 0 to >14. And finally TWI index values that indicate the soil moisture condition in the order of <-1. 5 to >5. 5 calculated. The percentage of the area of each of these indicators in the Watershed, which was obtained in the results of this study, can be used in various watershed planning including erosion and sediment, Landform Classifcation, identifying and introducing areas involved with landslide hazard, flood studies, studying and studying resources Groundwater and… to be used.

Background & Aim: Extrusion of debris from apex is one of the main factors of flare up (inflammation, pain or combination of both). Various studies have been conducted toward the amount of debris extrusion but no one compared this drawback on one – Shape and xp-Shaper system in curved root canals. So, this study aimed to determine the amount of apical debris extrusion following preparation of canal by one-Shape or xp-Shaper in curved canals of mesiobuccal root in mandibular first molars.Material & Method: This experimental study was done on 34 mandibular first molars with 30 to 40 degree curved mesiobuccal root canal. The samples were randomly divided in two groups. First group had one –Shape for root canal preparation while the other had xp-Shaper. Roots of the teeth were fixed in pre weighted fluxes till cervical area so that all apical debris were collected in vials. After desiccation process, the vials were weighted again. The difference between original and secondary weight of vials containing debris is considered as weight of debris extrusion. Data were analyzed using T-test.Results: Amount of debris extrusion in one– Shape group was 0.018±0.014 and in xp-Shaper group was 0.01±0.007 and the difference was statistically significant (0.01).Conclusion: Considering the situation and limitation of this in vitro study, xp-Shaper rotary system was associated with less debris extrusion compared to one – Shape systems.

The classification of Shape data is a significant challenge in the statistical analysis of Shapes and machine learning. In this paper, we introduce a multinomial logistic regression model based on Shape descriptors for classifying labeled configurations. In this model, the explanatory variables include a set of geometric descriptors such as area, elongation, convexity, and circularity, while the response variable represents the category of each configuration. The inclusion of these descriptors preserves essential geometric information and enhances classification accuracy. We evaluate the proposed model using both simulated data and real datasets, and the results demonstrate its effective performance. Additionally, the proposed method was compared with one of the existing methods in the literature, and the results indicated its superiority in terms of both classification accuracy and computational simplicity.

The tissues in the human body comprise complex assemblages of several different types of cells that are dispersed on an extracellular matrix (ECM). In addition to biochemical and chemophysical factors, dynamic changes in the mechanical-structural properties of ECM lead to changes in cell behavior such as proliferation, differentiation, and its nature. Since any activity of the cells takes place on a dynamic substrate in the body, it is necessary to provide conditions in which the dynamic environment inside the body can be simulated. Therefore, researchers need intelligent biomaterials that can act as a powerful substrate to design smart cell culture platforms and tissue engineering scaffolds, as well as to simulate this complex environment. Shape memory polymers (SMPs) and Shape-changing polymers (SCPs) are the new generations of intelligent materials that can be converted from Shape A to Shape B in a response to a stimulus, creating new mechanical and structural properties. Although tissue engineering studies on static substrates have been performed so far, it is now clear that the fate of cells in proliferation and differentiation is influenced by the dynamic conditions of the environment. However, recent studies have been focused on designing new substrates to mimic the dynamic microenvironment. In this review article, a brief definition of cell mechanobiology is introduced and then the recent advances in the design of SMPs and SCPs used in fundamental cell mechanobiology studies were highlighted. A survey of the current review can create a more innovative perspective for researchers in this field.

Health monitoring allows small failures and damages to be identified and fixed before they turn into major and irreparable damages, to prevent loss of life and to make it possible to reinforce or improve it at the lowest cost. Currently, in the field of civil engineering, the health monitoring of structures is done in sensitive structures. One of the parts of the structure that may suffer initial damage before loading and during implementation due to difficulty in implementation is Concrete Filled Tube (CFT)columns.  One of the most likely damages in CFT columns is interface debonding damage. This damage causes the column to become weak and not benefit from the characteristics of steel and concrete together. Accordingly, in the present study, this damage and its severity in seismic (dynamic) parameters have been investigated. The results of the study show that damage causes changes in the mode Shape of the structure, and it has caused a 6.38% reduction in the frequency in the first (main) mode of the structure. Also, the damping of the damaged specimen is reduced by approximately 12% compared to the healthy specimen. On the other hand, the results show that the severity of damage is very effective in changing seismic parameters. So that by doubling the damage area, the frequency decreased by approximately 0.35% and reached from 873.27 Hz to 20.870.20 Hz, but the mode Shape of damage did not affect the frequency